Here for every stage of your life. (855) 436-6552
Partners for Life — Insurance Agency & Financial Services
← Back to articles

Universal Life Insurance

Universal life (UL) insurance is one of the two main types of permanent life insurance; the other is whole life insurance. Like whole life, a universal policy can provide lifelong protection while building tax-advantaged cash value. UL also gives you the flexibility to raise or lower premiums within certain limits, so it may cost less than whole life coverage. However, it offers fewer guarantees than whole life insurance because making minimum premium payments for too long can affect cash value growth and the size of your death benefit.

Why people choose universal life insurance:

Lifelong protectionFrom the first day the policy takes effect, UL can provide an income-tax-free death benefit to help protect your family's financial well-being. As long as you maintain positive cash value, your coverage cannot be canceled.
Cash valueLike all permanent life insurance, it has built-in cash value that grows over time and earns interest. You can take policy loans against cash value, use it to pay premiums, or even cash in your coverage to supplement retirement income.
Flexible premiumsUL lets you increase or decrease your payments within certain limits as circumstances change. Although you will eventually have to pay higher premiums to maintain coverage, this flexibility can make it easier to keep your policy in force if your earnings vary.
Tax advantagesThe policy's cash value grows tax-deferred, so no taxes are owed on current gains or interest. In addition, the death benefit is paid to beneficiaries free of income tax.

Universal life's flexibility and freedom also mean fewer guarantees

In a whole life policy, premiums, cash value growth, and the death benefit are guaranteed not to change. With UL, all these elements are designed to be flexible. However, the amount of premiums you pay affects cash value growth. Using cash value funds also affects the amount your family receives when you are gone. It could even cause the policy to lapse, so stay in touch with your financial professional to ensure your policy continues to meet your needs.

Checklist: Is universal life insurance right for me?

What I want:What I should get:
I want lifelong protectionWhole or universal life
I want to build tax-advantaged cash valueWhole or universal life
I want access to policy cash while I am aliveWhole or universal life
I want flexibility to raise or lower my premiumsUniversal life insurance
I want affordable permanent coverageUniversal life insurance
I want guaranteed cash value growthWhole life insurance
I want a guaranteed death benefitWhole or term life
I want guaranteed level premiumsWhole or term life
I want the largest death benefit per premium dollarTerm life insurance

Every premium payment has two parts

COI
The cost of insurance component
CASH VALUE
The wealth-building component
COI covers the cost of providing the death benefit and the life insurance company's administrative fees. It is generally the minimum premium needed to keep the policy in force. COI increases over time because it is based primarily on the policyholder's age.Any premium paid above the COI amount is added to the policy's cash value, subject to an upper limit set by the IRS. Different policies calculate cash value growth in different ways.

Keep in mind that minimum premium payments reduce cash value accumulation. As COI increases over time, it can erode cash value to the point that the insurer may require higher premiums in later years to prevent coverage from lapsing. That is why many people choose to build cash value by paying maximum premiums in the early years, then using those funds if needed to help reduce premium costs later.

How universal life insurance compares with other options

Universal Life Insurance
Whole Life Insurance

Term Life Insurance
Coverage periodLifetimeLifetimeLimited to a specific term, typically 10-30 years
PremiumsMay varyFixedFixed
Builds cash valueYes, but not guaranteedYes, with guaranteesNo
DividendsNoYesNo
CostMore expensive than term, but often less than whole lifeMore expensive than termLess expensive than whole or universal life
Income-tax-free death benefitYesYesYes
Investment optionsStandard – Yes
Variable – Yes
YesNo
Primary usesDeath benefit for beneficiaries; tax-deferred asset accumulation; tax-advantaged wealth preservation and transferDeath benefit for beneficiaries; tax-deferred asset accumulation; tax-advantaged wealth preservation and transferDeath benefit for beneficiaries

Want the opportunity for greater cash value growth? Consider variable universal life.

Variable UL provides the same kind of lifelong protection and payment flexibility as standard universal life insurance, with more investment options: you can invest some or all of your cash value in "subaccounts" similar to mutual funds. However, you must select and manage investments as you would in a brokerage account. As with a brokerage account, you also take on more risk, including the possibility of losing some or all of your principal.

How to obtain universal life insurance

Universal life coverage can be a powerful financial tool to help protect your family's financial well-being for decades to come. It can provide flexibility to help build assets, address life's uncertainties, and even pass wealth to the next generation.

Each policy is tailored to the owner's personal needs and financial strategy. Although premiums are flexible, a healthy 40-year-old man should expect to invest around $8,000 annually for a $1,000,000 UL policy. Guidance is needed, however, to arrive at the right solution for your needs.

If you think this type of insurance is right for you, discuss your situation with an insurance professional or a financial professional experienced in life insurance. If you do not know such a professional, ask a friend or colleague for a recommendation.

Frequently asked questions about universal life insurance

What are the benefits of universal life insurance?

Universal life insurance is a flexible way to obtain permanent life insurance and build cash value. Premiums are flexible: you can raise or lower payments within certain limits set by the insurer. It can be a coverage solution for people with variable incomes because cash value also allows withdrawals and policy loans.

What are the disadvantages of universal life insurance?

With more options than term or even whole life coverage, a UL policy can be complex. The policy must be managed: you must decide how much to pay in premiums and, with variable UL, also make investment decisions. These variables, along with an insurance cost that rises over time, can affect and even reduce cash value. You must therefore monitor your cash value balance over time: if it reaches zero, premiums could rise or the policy could lapse.

What is the difference between whole life and universal life insurance?

A UL policy gives the insured person many of the same permanent protections and benefits as whole life coverage, with the added benefit of flexible premiums to accommodate variable earnings. Depending on the policy and life insurance company, you may also have the option to invest cash value in various market-based investment options, providing greater growth potential. Universal life, on the other hand, offers fewer and/or lower cash value guarantees.